The Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Elderly Population Essay

The older population, according the US Census Bureau (2015) reports, individuals ages 65 and older make up 8.5% of the global population. In other words, the older population now equals 617 million, and subsequently will experience an expected rise within the next ten years, resulting in an increase of roughly 236 million people aged 65 and older throughout the world. Therefore, as our elderly population increases, so will the substance use epidemic. Currently the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2016) states, an estimated 8 million alcoholics are seniors, and often to referred as the invisible â€Å"silent epidemic.† With numbers such as, 15% 65 at risk for alcohol dependency, this worldwide crisis needs to be irradiated. Therefore, with the multitude of Substance-Related Disorders (e.g., caffeine; cannabis; hallucinogens; inhalants; opioids; sedatives; hypnotics; and anxiolytics stimulants; tobacco and other substances) that need to be addressed within the older population, I have chosen to discuss the impact of Alcohol Abuse on the older population. Furthermore, I will address the following variables: prevalence and patterns of substance (e.g. Alcohol) exposure, and use and risk factors for addiction. In addition, I will address the following questions, 1 thru 4 posed in this assignment, beginning with the first question. In what ways do the characteristics of the population influence these variables? The characteristics of the older adultShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1473 Words   |  6 PagesAging-Related Statistics, 2000). The nation’s population will increase 18% during and the population aged 65 and older will increase 78% ( Wan, Sengupta, Velkoff, DeBarros, 2005). One growing concern within the elderly population is that of substance abuse as it pertains to the increasing numbers of substance abusers, and/or the increasing rates of substance abuse among the elderly population. A national public health concern is that the rate of elderly substance abuse will rise sharply as boomers enterRead MoreSubstance Abuse in Older Populations1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of substance misuse and abuse among the elderly population is complex. The elderly rarely use alcohol or drugs to get high rather drug or alcohol use that begins after age 60 appears fundamentally different (Culberson Ziska 2008). The elderly sometimes turn to alcohol and drugs to alleviate the physical and psychological pain from the onslaught of medical and psychiatric illness, the loss of loved ones or social isolation (Culberson Ziska 2008). Elderly patients have a combination ofRead MoreSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Essay exampl e1705 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Substance abuse in the elderly exists just as in any other population. Many seniors develop substance abuse problems due to circumstances or situations due to the aging process. A report by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration indicates that 17% of adults age 60 and older are affected by alcohol abuse and abuse of legal drugs. The report also states that a third of those seniors who abuse substances didRead MoreManagement Concerns Of Corrections For Special Populations Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pages Management Concerns in Corrections for Special Populations Michelle Bergos Introduction to Corrections 140 September 25, 2016 Jason Skeens Abstract More often than not, if John Q. Public is asked the purpose or goals of our American correctional system the reply is incapacitation, retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation. However, what we are really asking for our corrections system to do is to secure and supervise the individuals cast out of society through the judicial process regardlessRead MoreEssay on Substance Abuse and the Elderly2015 Words   |  9 Pagesthis paper is to determine the level of substance abuse in the elderly community. There is concern that as the population ages in the United States, there will be a significant increase in the number of older adults being treated for substance abuse problems. This paper seeks to understand the issues and concerns that are consequently involved with substance abuse among the elderly. There is no doubt that there is a prevalence of substance abuse throughout several age groups. To a certain extentRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Tobacco On The Age Of Addiction981 Words   |  4 Pagesover work, obsession with sports or video games, alcohol abuse, or drug abuse. A person can end up with a drug addiction or alcohol addiction at any age. Younger people face different social pressures surrounding drugs and alcohol. Substance abuse is often related to negative experiences at some point during life. Researchers have found that abuse at any age can influence an individual s choice to turn to drugs or alcohol. Middle age and elderly deal with life changes such as divorce, loss or jobsRead MoreSubstance Abuse in the Elderly, Disabled, and LBGT Populations2316 Words   |  10 Pagessubstance abuse by examining populations that are often overlooked in addiction studies. Over the past several decades, many general studies have been done about the prevalence and effects of addiction. These studies often focus on risk factors, daily use and/or treatment, and information is gathered through polls and observations. Most of these studies, however, are nonspecific regarding social and cultural factors. I will focus on how addiction affects three vulnerable populations: the elderly, disabledRead MorePsychiatric Disorders And Substance Abuse Disorder1671 Words   |  7 Pageswith a substance abuse disorder, which can negatively impact the effectiveness of treatment (Frances, Miller and Mack, 2005). This can be problematic and difficult for a clinician to pinpoint if the client is unable or unwilling to provide an honest feedback or assessment of the self. Another important factor in regards to this special population that should be taken into consideration is that mental health professionals should be cognizant that the admission of a substance abuse disorder could negativelyRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1427 Words    |  6 Pagesas one of the world s current pandemics, is estimated to be the fourth most common cause of death in the developed country, second only to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. With the aging population, dementia has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly people in Australia. Alzheimer s disease is the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer s disease usually occurs in a primary degenerative encephalopathy in senile and pre senior period. It refers to a persistentRead MoreSubstance Use And Abuse Among The Elderly Population2853 Words   |  12 Pages Substance Use and Abuse among the Elderly Population Joshua Antonio Dye Arkansas State University Introduction of the Issue The population of seniors and older adults are establishing an ever increasing concern to the United States and its system of health care. Life expectancy in America has increased and those who are blessed with old age are receiving all the side effects, from oral and health care concerns, to housing and nursing needs. Older adults are people aged sixty

Chris McCandlesss Journey into the Wild - 703 Words

On the road again, I cant wait to get on the road again. The words of Donkey, from Shrek, seem to sum up Chris mccandless very well. He was a wondering soul, whose drive for adventure eventually lead to his death. He spent a majority of his short adult life tramping around the country and even parts of Mexico and canada. IT is well known that the straw that broke Chris’s back was finding out about his fathers actions during the early part of his marriage to Chris’s mother.The real question is not what his breaking point was,but it is why he went on his journey in the first place.What did he hope to find when he stuck out his thumb and hit the road? In the end only him and god will know why he left. There are a few theories as to why he left. Chris mccandless could have left to find spiritual peace, get a grip on his mental state, or to live a free life. Chris McCandless found solace in nature. Eden was the untapped wilds of Alaska to Chris. As krakauer said at the end of into the wild he was a monk with god. A monk is defined as a member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience . This was chris. he gave up all of his possessions to people he barely knew. His only temptation seemed to be the call of the alaskan wild, and he kept to his own strict moral code. He didnt need a church or a priest to be with god. He just need a bus in Alaska with a bear skull to find his happiness, His inner peace, his oneness..Show MoreRelatedInto the Wild: Chris McCandless is a True Hero970 Words   |  4 PagesThe famous story of Chris McCandless’s journey, Into The Wild, provokes the reader to ask a certain question at the end of it all: Is Chris McCandless someone people should look up to? Or is he just another person who bit off a little more than he could chew? With various accounts from people who met this young man in the novel, it’s hard for someone not to show bias on this topic. Many viewed him as brave and heroic for his accomplishments; others viewed him as an unpreparedRead More Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesInto the Wild by Jon Krakauer Chris McCandless was just a victim of his own obsession. The novel Into The Wild written by John Krakauer revealed the life of a young bright man named Chris McCandless who turned up dead in Alaska in summer 1992. In the novel, John Krakauer approached carefully McCandlesss life without putting too much authorial judgment to the readers. Although Chris McCandless remained an elusive figure throughout the novel, I can see Chris McCandless as a dreamy young idealistRead MoreUse of Literary Techniques by Jon Krakauer When Writing Into the Wild1585 Words   |  7 Pages In the novel â€Å"Into the Wild† by Jon Krakauer, Krakauer tells the story of a Chris McCandless through different points of view perceived from people close to him. Despite the fact the Krakauer did not personally know Chris McCandless, Krakauer uses opinions from himself and others to help conclude meaning and impact behindMcCandless’s journey. Krakauer introduces events in the story in an order such tha t it also introduces the significance behind them. These techniques help the reader conclude theRead MoreInto the Wild by Chris McCandless710 Words   |  3 Pageslife is to find happiness and what is really important to one’s self. In Jon Krakauer’s, Into The Wild, Chris McCandless conveys this idealism through his life’s journey as he bravely defies all limitations. Chris McCandless isolates himself from society in his Alaskan Odyssey as a way to defy accepted expectations and to begin discovering the meanings of life without any corrupted influences. Chris McCandless â€Å"had been raised in the comfortable upper-middle-class environs of Annandale, Virginia†Read MoreLiterary Analysis of Into the Wild1669 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of Into The Wild Imagine spending thirty days alone in a tent or a cabin in the wilderness with no technology, electricity, running water, and any form of communication. Every day you wake up to the sight of the beautiful, tall trees and the various wildlife living in the area. Most of the time, you can hear the many sounds of nature: the majestic songs of birds, the whistling in the wind, and trees rustling. But sometimes all you can hear is nothing but silence. Most of usRead MoreInto The Wild By Chris Mccandless Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesInto the Wild is a true story based on Chris McCandless’s life. A young, prestigious graduate of Emory University who is found dead at twenty-four years old in the Alaskan wilderness in September 1992. Chris McCandless was very gifted athlete and scholar, and possessed important qualities such as passion, intensity, and high morals. McCandless discovers his father’s fatal secret and it upsets Chris’s whole life as his parents continuall y hide it from their family. Upon Chris’s graduation from EmoryRead MoreChris McCandlessa Adventure: Foolish or Heroic?1173 Words   |  5 Pagesan intense, dangerous, and wild journey, a person most likely has some deeply thought out reason as to why he or she is embarking on the mission. Chris himself seems to have had some reasons, besides his curiosity, as to why he explored. However, he made a decision to leave without truly thinking about just how dangerous his journey was going to be. Due to his rash actions, Chris eventually died in an abandoned bus out in the wild. Now, some folks today think that Chris was a hero for doing what interestedRead MoreUse of Literary Techniques in Into The Wild, by John Krakauer1073 Words   |  5 Pagesgive details about Chris’s lifestyle and his choices that affect his journey. Another literary element Krakauer uses is theme. The many themes in the story attract a diverse audience. Krakauer’s telling is world famous for being the truest, and most heart-felt account of Christopher McCandless’s life. The use of literary techniques including irony, characterization and theme help convey the authors purpose and enhance Into The Wild. One of the most important literary devices Jon Krakauer use in hisRead MoreChris Krakauer s Non Fiction Book Into The Wild1515 Words   |  7 Pagestrace to venture off into the wild and â€Å"discover† himself. With the bearings of a modern-day bildungsroman, such a story may not seem uncommon; after all, young adult novels and films have both glorified and censured the youthful adventure tale, perpetuating an image of adolescents (particularly young males) as courageous yet foolhardy individuals who adamantly desire self-discovery. Such depictions may not be far from reality, as demonstrated by the story of Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s non-fictionRead MoreInto The Wild By Jon Krakauer1013 Words   |  5 Pages Into the Wild, by Jon Krakauer, narrates the life of adventurer and free spirit Christopher McCandless, who died August 1992 in the Alaskan wilderness; however, his journey still remains relevant in today’s pop culture due to the unresolved contr oversy of whether he is a saintly role model or hubristic fool. Krakauer openly states that he â€Å"won’t claim to be an impartial biographer† (Author’s Note) due to the parallels he struck with McCandless, and provides a more idealistic approach to the biography

Hotel & Hospitality Management for Sustainable -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHotel Hospitality Management for Sustainable Tourism. Answer: Sustainability management is important in order to maintain a proper relationship with customers. One of the key aspects of customer relationship management is the ability by which sustainability can be maintained and wastage products can be recycled (Mowforth and Munt 2015). The purpose of the essay is to identify the effectiveness of the initiative taken up by Holiday Inn. The initiative is to recycle toiletries around the world. The essay highlights the positives as well as the negatives of this initiative. The budgeting of the hotels that participate in the initiative is also taken into consideration. Furthermore, the reason behind the promotion of the initiative is also analysed in the essay. Holiday Inn is one of the most popular brands of hotels in America. In 1952, it was initially founded as a motel and since then has grown as one of the largest hotels in the world. Although the hotel was founded in Tennessee, the United States, the headquarters of the hotel is in Denham, United Kingdom. Currently, the hotel operates in over 1145 active areas all across the world (Holidayinn.com 2017). It provides food services, lodging, conventions and meetings. The initiative taken by the company can go on to become a huge success in the world. The initiative taken by Holiday Inn in order to recycle the toiletries is a bold step for the conservation of the environment. This is because most the times it is seen that people use a little amount of the toiletries that are provided in the hotels. The remaining is thrown away without the concern for the environment. The recycling of these materials can be used to aid the people that need these things. According to Lee (2013), most people in the world, are born in poverty. The basic necessities of cleaning hands and body with soap are not available to them. This gives rise to diseases that may be fatal for the people. The recycling of the used soaps and shampoos can help these people to lead a healthy life. In this regard, the positive factors of this initiative can be identified. Edgell (2016) stated that one of the biggest positive influences of such a recycling process is the minimal threat to the environment. The soaps and shampoos that are thrown away can cause degradation of soil. This, in turn, causes ecological imbalance and kill crops that are required for food. Proper recycling of these materials can also help save money. Most business organisations aim at increasing the profit of the company. Hence, recycling of the unused materials can help in increasing the cost by selling them to laboratories that sterilise these items. However, there are negative consequences to the recycling of these materials. Jamal and Camargo (2014) stated that some of the toiletries like shampoos are provided in plastics. This can be harmful to the environment as it causes blockage of water. Soaps once used by an individual can be contagious particularly if the individual suffers from diseases. Hence, it is necessary for the managers and other members of Holiday Inn involve d with this initiative to ensure that such a condition does not exist. Reputed hotels such as Holiday Inn, Hyatt and Crown Plaza have taken up initiatives that can help in the recycling of the product. About 99,000 pounds of soaps and 400,000 bars of shops have been delivered to developing countries for the sterilised of the product. In this regard, it has been observed by Weaver (2014) that most of the business hotels seek this as an opportunity boost the reputation of the hotels. It helps hotels to be more attractive to the clients that favour using hotels as a means of conducting business deals. It has also been observed that the recycling of the items acts as morale booster of the employees. The fact that the manufactured products are not wasted and instead of being used for a good cause motivates employees to work hard. Apart from this, the social responsibility activity of the hotels also increases. Involvement in these initiatives can help hotels to increase the social value. They can attract customers and increase the profit of the company. Thes e increases the budget of the hotels as less cost is required for purchasing extra materials. Contribution from the CSR activities also helps to increase the budget. However, the recycling method of all the hotels is not the same. Some hotels that deal with boutiques donate the toiletries to local shelters and other social causes. Communities such as shelter for battered women or local Salvation Army benefit from these decisions. In this regard, it can be said that such a technique needs to be promoted so that reputed hotels in other countries can also participate. Lambert and Gupta (2016) pointed out that the uniqueness of this recycling tactics is important for promotion. The promotion can be done based on social media websites or televisions so that viewing the method rather than reading about it can help in keeping it in the minds of the public. This can also help increase the reputation of Holiday Inn as the hotel initiated the campaign of recycling toiletries. Hence, the idea of promotion of the method is important for business purpose as well for sustaining the environment and helping the social cause of the people (Miller, Merrilees and Coghlan 2015). Thus, it can be concluded that sustainability is important in order to maintain the success of a hotel. The recycling of the soaps and shampoos can help in the development of many people in the world. It can help in increasing the reputation of the company as well as increase the profit. The fact that social responsibilities are carried out with the advent of this technique is unique and can reduce the extra cost required for maintaining this responsibility. The promotion of the technique needs to be done in order to bring in the support of more people and hotels. The contributions made by Holiday Inn can prove to be an inspiration for other hotels to take a step in the sustainable development of the planet. Reference Edgell Sr, D. L. 2016.Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Routledge. Holidayinn.com. (2017).Holiday Inn Hotels Resorts | Book Hotel Rooms Hotel Accommodation. [online] Available at: https://www.holidayinn.com/hotels/gb/en/reservation?qAdlt=1qBrs=6c.hi.ex.rs.ic.cp.in.sb.cw.cv.ul.vn.ki.sp.nd.ctqChld=0qFRA=1qGRM=0qIta=99615773qPSt=0qRRSrt=rtqRef=dfqRms=1qRpn=1qRpp=20qSHp=1qSmP=3qSrt=sBRqWch=0srb_u=1icdv=99615773sitrackingid=903264232dp=trueglat=SEAR [Accessed 15 Nov. 2017]. Jamal, T., and Camargo, B. A. 2014. Sustainable tourism, justice and an ethic of care: Toward the just destination.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(1), pp.11-30. Lambert, A.F. and Gupta, S.M., 2016.Disassembly modeling for assembly, maintenance, reuse and recycling. CRC press. Lee, T.H., 2013. Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development.Tourism management,34, pp.37-46. Miller, D., Merrilees, B. and Coghlan, A., 2015. Sustainable urban tourism: understanding and developing visitor pro-environmental behaviours.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(1), pp.26-46. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015.Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Weaver, D.B., 2014. Asymmetrical dialectics of sustainable tourism: Toward enlightened mass tourism.Journal of Travel Research,53(2), pp.131-140.

Victorian Literature Essays - Island Countries, Historical Eras

Victorian Literature " The Victorian literature (1832-1901)" Victoria became queen of Great Britain in 1837. Her reign, the longest in English history, lasted until 1901. This period is called the Victorian Age. During the Victorian Age, great economic, social, and political changes occurred in Britain. The British Empire reached its height and covered about a quarter of the world's land. Industry and trade expanded rapidly, and railways and canals crisscrossed the country. Science and technology made great advances. The size of the middle class grew enormously. By the 1850's, more and more people were getting an education. In addition, the government introduced democratic reforms, such as the right to vote for an increasing number of people. Many important events took place during Victoria's reign. Britain fought in the Opium War (1839-1842) in China and acquired the island of Hong Kong. Britain also fought in the Crimean War (1853-1856) against Russia, and in the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) in order to protect its interests in southern Africa. In 1858, control of India was transferred from the East India Company, a trading firm, to the British government. Victoria was proclaimed empress of India in 1876. Britain seized control of Egypt and many other areas. British colonies united in Australia and Canada, and these countries became important members of the growing British Empire. The development of a worldwide colonial empire made Britain the richest country in the world. Britain ended restrictions on foreign trade, and its colonies became both sources of raw materials and markets for its manufactured goods. Britain was called the workshop of the world. The British Empire included a quarter of the world's land and a quarter of its people. The population of Britain itself increased 50 per cent during Victoria's reign, and Britain changed from mainly an agricultural to mainly an industrial nation. More people won the right to vote, and local government became increasingly democratic. The British Parliament passed acts that improved labour conditions, required all children to attend school, and reformed the civil service. In Ireland, the Church of Ireland was separated from the government, and the land system was reformed. In spite of the prosperity of the Victorian Age, workers lived in terrible poverty. Benjamin Disraeli, one of the period's outstanding prime ministers, described England as two nations, one rich and one poor. During the second half of the 1800's, new scientific theories seemed to challenge many religious beliefs. The most controversial theory appeared in The Origin of Species (1859) by the biologist Charles Darwin. In the book, Darwin stated that every species of life develops from an earlier one. Darwin's theories shocked most people of his day, who believed that each species had been created by a separate divine act. His book, which is usually called simply The Origin of Species, presented facts that refuted this belief. It caused a revolution in biological science and greatly affected religious thought. Darwin thus seemed to contradict the Biblical account of the creation of life. The theories of Darwin and other scientists led many people to feel that traditional values could no longer guide their lives. Victorian writers dealt with the contrast between the prosperity of the middle and upper classes and the wretched condition of the poor. In the late 1800's, they also analysed the loss of faith in traditional values. Several writers wrote nonfiction that dealt with what they believed to be the ills of the time. For example, Thomas Carlyle attacked the greed and hypocrisy he saw in society in Sartor Resartus (1833-1834). John Stuart Mill discussed the relationship between society and the individual in his long essay On Liberty (1859). Later Victorian literature. During the late 1800's, a pessimistic tone appeared in much Victorian poetry and prose. Tennyson considered the intellectual and religious problems of the time in his long poem In Memoriam (1850). Matthew Arnold described his doubts about modern life in such short poems as "The Scholar-Gypsy" (1853) and "Dover Beach" (1867). Arnold's most important literary achievements are his critical essays on culture, literature, religion, and society. Many of his essays were collected in Culture and Anarchy (1869). Queen Victoria reigned over an immense British Empire, and much English literature expresses the experience of Imperialism, from one

The 15th Century Chinese Explorer Cheng Ho

The 15th Century Chinese Explorer Cheng Ho Decades before Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in search of a water route to Asia, the Chinese were exploring the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific with seven voyages of the Treasure Fleet that solidified Chinese control over much of Asia in the 15th century. The Treasure Fleets were commanded by a powerful eunuch admiral named Cheng Ho. Cheng Ho was born around 1371 in Chinas southwestern Yunan Province (just north of Laos) with the name Ma Ho. Ma Hos father was a Muslim hajji (who had made a pilgrimage to Mecca) and the family name of Ma was used by Muslims in representations of the word Mohammed. When Ma Ho was ten years old (around 1381), he was captured along with other children when the Chinese army invaded Yunan to take control over the region. At the age of 13 he was castrated, as were other young prisoners, and he was placed as a servant in the household of the Chinese Emperors fourth son (out of twenty-six total sons), Prince Zhu Di. Ma Ho proved himself to be an exceptional servant to Prince Zhu Di. He became skilled in the arts of war and diplomacy and served as an officer of the prince. Zhu Di renamed Ma Ho as Cheng Ho because the eunuchs horse was killed in battle outside of a place called Zhenglunba. (Cheng Ho is also Zheng He in the newer Pinyin transliteration of Chinese but hes still most commonly called Cheng Ho). Cheng Ho was also known as San Bao which means three jewels. Cheng Ho, who was said to have been seven feet tall, was given greater power when Zhu Di became emperor in 1402. One year later, Zhu Di appointed Cheng Ho admiral and ordered him to oversee the construction of a Treasure Fleet to explore the seas surrounding China. Admiral Cheng Ho was the first eunuch appointed to such a high military position in China. First Voyage (1405-1407) The first Treasure Fleet consisted of 62 ships; four were huge wood boats, some of the largest ever built in history. They were approximately 400 feet (122 meters) long and 160 feet (50 meters) wide. The four were the flagships of the fleet of 62 ships assembled at Nanjing along the Yangtze (Chang) River. Included in the fleet were 339-foot (103-meter) long horse ships that carried nothing but horses, water ships that carried fresh water for the crew, troop transports, supply ships, and warships for offensive and defensive needs. The ships were filled with thousands of tons of Chinese goods to trade with others during the voyage. In the fall of 1405, the fleet was ready to embark with 27,800 men. The fleet utilized the compass, invented in China in the 11th century, for navigation. Graduated sticks of incense were burned to measure time. One day was equal to 10 watches of 2.4 hours each. Chinese navigators determine latitude through monitoring the North Star (Polaris) in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Cross in the Southern Hemisphere. The ships of the Treasure Fleet communicated with one another through the use of flags, lanterns, bells, carrier pigeons, gongs, and banners. The destination of the first voyage of the Treasure Fleet was Calicut, known as a major trading center on the southwestern coast of India. India was initially discovered by Chinese overland explorer Hsuan-Tsang in the seventh century. The fleet stopped in Vietnam, Java, and Malacca, and then headed west across the Indian Ocean to Sri Lanka and Calicut and Cochin (cities on the southwest coast of India). They remained in India to barter and trade from late 1406 to the spring of 1407 when they utilized the monsoon shift to sail toward home. On the return voyage, the Treasure Fleet was forced to battle pirates near Sumatra for several months. Eventually, Cheng Hos men managed to capture the pirate leader and take him to the Chinese capital Nanjing, arriving in 1407. Second Voyage (1407-1409) A second voyage of the Treasure Fleet departed on a return trip to India in 1407 but Cheng Ho did not command this voyage. He remained in China to oversee the repair of a temple at the birthplace of a favorite goddess. The Chinese envoys on board helped to ensure the power of a king of Calicut. The fleet returned in 1409. Third Voyage (1409-1411) The fleets third voyage (Cheng Hos second) from 1409 to 1411 consisted of 48 ships and 30,000 men. It followed closely the route of the first voyage but the Treasure Fleet established entrepots (warehouses) and stockades along their route to facilitate trade and storage of goods. On the second voyage, the King of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) was aggressive; Cheng Ho defeated the kings forces and captured the king to take him to Nanjing. Fourth Voyage (1413-1415) In late 1412, Cheng Ho was ordered by Zhu Di to make  a fourth  expedition. It wasnt until late 1413 or early 1414 that Cheng Ho embarked on his expedition with 63 ships and 28,560 men. The goal of this trip was to reach the Persian Gulf at Hormuz, known to be a city of amazing wealth and goods, including pearls and precious stones much coveted by the Chinese emperor. In the summer of 1415, the Treasure Fleet returned with a bounty of trade goods from the Persian Gulf. Detachments of this expedition sailed south along the eastern coast of Africa almost as far south as Mozambique. During each of Cheng Hos voyages, he brought back diplomats from other countries or encouraged ambassadors to go to the capital Nanjing on their own. Fifth Voyage (1417-1419) The fifth voyage was ordered in 1416 to return the ambassadors who had arrived from other countries. The Treasure Fleet departed in 1417 and visited the Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa, returning envoys along the way. They returned in 1419. Sixth Voyage (1421-22) A sixth voyage was launched in the spring of 1421 and visited Southeast Asia, India, the Persian Gulf, and Africa. By this time, Africa was considered Chinas El Dorado, a source of riches. Cheng Ho returned in late 1421 but the remainder of the fleet didnt arrive in China until 1422. Emperor Zhu Di died in 1424 and his son Zhu Gaozhi became emperor. He canceled the voyages of the Treasure Fleets and ordered shipbuilders and sailors to stop their work and return home. Cheng Ho was appointed military commander of Nanjing. Seventh Voyage (1431-1433) The leadership of Zhu Gaozhi did not last long. He died in 1426 at the age of 26. His son and Zhu Dis grandson Zhu Zhanji took Zhu Gaozhis place. Zhu Zhanji was much more like his grandfather than his father was and in 1430 he resumed the Treasure Fleet voyages by ordering Cheng Ho to resume his duties as admiral and make  a seventh  voyage in an attempt to restore peaceful relations with the kingdoms of Malacca and Siam. It took a year to gear up for the voyage which departed as a large expedition with 100 ships and 27,500 men. On the return trip in  1433,  Cheng Ho is believed to have died; others state that he died in 1435 after the return to China. Nonetheless, the era of exploration for China was soon over as the following  emperors  prohibited trade and even the construction of ocean-going vessels. Its likely that a detachment of one of Cheng Hos fleets sailed to northern Australia during one of the seven voyages based  upon  the Chinese artifacts found as well as the oral history of the Aborigine. After the seven voyages of Cheng Ho and the Treasure Fleets, Europeans began to make headway toward China. In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounded Africas Cape of Good Hope, in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached Chinas favorite trading city of Calicut, and in 1521 Ferdinand Magellan finally reached Asia by sailing west. Chinas superiority in the Indian Ocean was unrivaled until the 16th century when the Portuguese arrived and established their colonies along the rim of the Indian Ocean.

Definition of Barnburners and Hunkers

Definition of Barnburners and Hunkers The Barnburners and Hunkers were two factions that battled for dominance of the Democratic Party in New York State in the 1840s. The two groups might have been obscure footnotes to history  remembered mostly for their colorful nicknames, but dissension between the two groups played a major role in the presidential election of 1848. The issue underlying all the fracturing of the party was rooted, as were many political disputes of the day, in the growing national debate over slavery. In the early 1800s the issue of slavery was mainly kept submerged in the national political debate. For one eight-year stretch, southern legislators had even managed to suppress any talk of slavery in the U.S. House of Representatives by invoking the infamous gag rule. But as territory acquired as a result of the Mexican War came into the Union, heated debates over which states and territories might allow slavery became a major issue. The disputes playing out in the halls of Congress also traveled into states where slavery had been outlawed for decades, including New York. Background of the Barnburners The Barnburners were New York State Democrats who were opposed to slavery. They were considered the more progressive and radical wing of the party in the 1840s. The group had splintered off from the Democratic Party following the election of 1844, when its preferred candidate, Martin Van Buren, lost the nomination. The Democrats candidate in 1844 who offended the Barnburner faction was James K. Polk,  a dark horse candidate from Tennessee who owned slaves and advocated for territorial expansion. The Barnburners were anti-slavery and viewed territorial expansion as an opportunity for pro-slavery politicians to add more slave states to the Union. The nickname Barnburners was derived from an old story. According to a dictionary of slang terms published in 1859, the nickname came from a story about an old farmer who had a barn infested with rats. He was determined to burn down the entire barn to get rid of the rats. The implication was that the political Barnburners were obsessed with one issue (in this case slavery) to such an extent that theyd burn down a political party to get their way. The name apparently originated as an insult, but members of the faction seemed to take pride in it. Background of the Hunkers The Hunkers were the more traditional wing of the Democratic Party, which, in New York State, dated back to the political machine set up by Martin Van Buren in the 1820s. The nickname Hunkers, according to Bartletts Dictionary of Americanisms, indicated those who cling to the homestead, or old principles. According to some accounts, the word hunker was a combination of hunger and hanker, and indicated that the Hunkers were always set on attaining political office no matter the cost. That also aligns to some extent with the common belief that the Hunkers were the traditional Democrats who had supported the Spoils System of Andrew Jackson. Barnburners and Hunkers in the Election of 1848 The division over slavery in America had been largely settled by the Missouri Compromise in 1820. But when the United States acquired new territory following the Mexican War, the issue of whether new territories and states would allow slavery brought the controversy back to the forefront. At the time, abolitionists were still on the fringe of society. It wouldnt be until the early 1850s, when opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act and the publication of Uncle Toms Cabin made the abolitionist movement more acceptable. Yet some political figures were already firmly opposed to the spread of slavery, and were actively seeking to keep a balance between free and slave states. In New York States powerful Democratic Party, there was a division between those who wanted to stop the spread of slavery and those who were less concerned, regarding it as a distant issue. The anti-slavery faction, the Barnburners, broke from the party regulars, the Hunkers, before the election of 1848. And the Barnburners proposed their candidate, Martin Van Buren, a former president, run on the Free Soil Party ticket. In the election, the Democrats nominated Lewis Cass, a politically powerful figure from Michigan. He ran against the Whig candidate, Zachary Taylor, a hero of the recently concluded Mexican War. Van Buren, supported by the Barnburners, did not have much chance of regaining the presidency. But he took away enough votes from the Hunker candidate, Cass, to swing the election to the Whig, Taylor.

Neuroimaging of the Acute Stroke Patient Case Study

Neuroimaging of the Acute Stroke Patient - Case Study Example This research tells that Alice is a 72-year-old woman who lives with her husband in an apartment. At 11:30 pm on a Thursday night, her husband called the ambulance because his wife was exhibiting some unusual symptoms. The first symptom was that his wife was sitting in front of the gas oven, continuously turning it on and off and saying that she needed to be there in order to keep warm. It was a humid night, so Alice’s husband was surprised that she appeared to feel cold. The second symptom was that Alice did not appear to recognize her husband, and kept mumbling to the oven rather than engaging in conversation with her husband. When the ambulance arrived, it was observed that Alice was pale and still dressed in her nightgown. Although she tried to get to her feet, she was unable to pull herself up. As such, being pale was a third symptom, while lacking motor control was a fourth. Alice’s medical history was mostly straightforward and there was little indication of any major aspects that would have an influence on the symptoms that she was showing. Alice is retired but remains active in the community by being involved in volunteer groups and acting as a teacher for children within the area. She has not had any significant health complications, aside from breaking her leg several years ago in a car accident. She has no history of falls and her husband considers her to be in good health. She is not currently on any medication.